A dialect is a variety of a language used by a group of people, usually in a region or a social group. It has its own vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation.
Dialect and accent are not the same
An accent is about sound. A dialect includes sound, words and grammar.
Scottish English is a dialect. A Glasgow accent is one part of it.
Everyone speaks a dialect
There is no "no dialect". The version taught in schools is also a variety, usually called Standard English.
Standard English is a dialect with good public relations.
Regional dialects
English has many: Cockney in London, Geordie in the north-east of England, Appalachian English in the United States, Newfoundland English in Canada, and many more.
Social dialects
Dialect also follows class, age and community. Some forms carry prestige; others are judged unfairly.
Mutual understanding
Dialects of English vary, but most speakers can adjust when they need to. Problems usually come from unfamiliar words or fast speech, not from the language itself.
Why it matters for learners
You will hear many varieties. Learn one standard for writing, and keep your ears open for the rest.
Words to remember
- dialect — a variety of a language
- accent — the sound of speech
- standard — the accepted form for formal use
- prestige — respect attached to a variety
Questions & answers
Q: Is a dialect a broken language?
No. It is a complete system with consistent rules.
Q: Is Standard English the best English?
It is the most useful for formal writing and international exams. It is not better as a person's speech.
Q: How many dialects does English have?
Hundreds, depending on how you count.
Q: Can dialects die?
Yes, when speakers stop passing them to children. Many are endangered.
Q: Should I learn a dialect?
Learn the standard first. Dialects come naturally with friends and places.